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Phytoremediation : many air pollutants are very toxic when retained in confined rooms; however certain plants can efficiently remove them through degradation within a few days. The rates of decomposition often vary from 70 to 90 %. Luckily these tropical plants are mostly shade lovers and prefer room temperature : they are easy to grow potted indoors as long as their soil has a good humidity retention. ( coconut fiber bits or pouzzolane are here solutions ). We give on this page the web addresses of institutions and web documents related to this highly important public health issue. We email our price lists of these greatly beneficial plants on request. |
Meyer & Mongkol Co., Ltd. , 32 / 2 , M. 2 Bangphap Pakret, Nonthaburi 11120 , Thailand. ................................Mobile 66 81 837 73 93
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| A to Z Plant list |
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Ixora |
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Plumeria | ||||
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Euphorbia milii |
Leaf Plants : |
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Plumeria New ! | ||||
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Heliconia & Banana |
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Anthurium, Dieffenbachia | |||||
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Hibiscus |
Philodendron others ... | ||||||
| Aquatic Plants |
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Hoya |
Palms | |||||
R
Rhapis excelsia
Rhododendron
S
Sansevieria spp
Schefflera spp
Schlumbergera bridgesii Schlumbergera rhipsalidopsis
Spathiphyllum spp.
Syngonium podophyllum
T
Tulipa gesneriana
E
Epipremnum spp
Euphorbia pulcherrima
F
Ficus spp
G
gerbera jamesonii
H
Hedera helix
Homalomena spp
K
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana
L
Liriope spicata
M
Maranta leuconeura
Musa cavendishii
N
Nephrolepis exaltata
Nephrolepis obliterata
A
Aechmea fasciata
Aglaonema spp
Aloe vera
Anthurium spp
Areca catechu
Araucaria heterophylla
B
Begonia semperflorens
C
Calathea spp
Chamaedorea elegans
Chamaedorea seifrizii
Cissus rhombofilia
Chlorophytum spp
Chrysalidocarpus lutescens
Chrysanthemum morifolium
Codiaeum variegatum
Cyclamen persicum
D
Dendrobium spp
Dieffenbachia
Dracaena
In his experiments he found that certain tropical plants can significantly decrease the concentration of some toxic materials such as formaldehyde, benzene and carbon-monoxide. ( see our charts on the left ).
DeBraak, LaRonna S., 1991. A Breath of Fresh Air : A Practical Guide For Filtering Out Indoor Air Pollution Utilizing Houseplants. Mountain Meadow Publishing, Denver, Colorado. 138 p. Cote B-JBM: 0850 D42.1
Diane Relf, editor-in-chief,
1992. The Role of horticulture in human well-being and social
development: a national symposium, 19-21 April 1990. Timber Press Inc.,
Arlington, Virginia. 254 p. Cote B-JBM: 0185 R4.1

http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp This link provides
technical reports written by Dr. B. C. Wolverton. Click on the "NASA
Technical Report Server" link above. At the search window, type wolverton
into the box to gain access to a number of reports (most are downloadable in
PDF format).
| Sources of airborne Benzene are : Petroleum Products Synthetic Fibers Plastics Inks & Dyes Rubber Products Detergents Tobacco Smoke | |
| Plants breaking down Benzene | % of Benzene decomposition |
|---|---|
| Hedera helix | 90% |
| Spatiphyllum | 80% |
| Dracaena marginata | 79% |
| Dracaena deremensis | 78% |
| Epipremnum aureus | 73% |
| Dracaena deremensis 'Warneckii' | 70% |
| Sansevieria sp. | 53% |
| Aglaonema | 48% |
| Gerbera jamesonii | % n/a |
|
Sources of airborne Formaldehyde are :
Foam Insulation Plywood or Particle
Board Carpeting Furniture Paper Products Cleaners |
|
| Plants breaking down Formaldehyde | % of Formaldehyde decomposition |
| Aloe barbadensis | 90% |
| Chlorophytum comosum | 86% |
| Philodendron | 86-76% |
| Dracaena fragans | 70% |
| Dracaena Massangeana | 70% |
| Ficus benjamina | 70% |
| Epipremnum aureum | 67% |
| Syngonium podophyllum | 67% |
| Dracaena marginata | 60% |
| Dracaena deremensis Warneckii | 50% |
| Spathiphyllum | 50% |
| Nephrolepis exaltata | % n/a |
| Sources of airborne Trichloroethylene are Dry Cleaning Inks & Dyes Adhesives Varnishes Lacquers & Paints | |
| Plants breaking down Trichloroethylene | % of Trichloroethylene decomposition |
| Spathiphyllum | 50-23% |
| Dracaena deremensis Warneckii | 24% |
| Dracaena deremensis | 20% |
| Dracaena marginata | 13% |
| Sansevieria spp. | 13% |
| Hedera helix | 11% |
| Chrysanthemum | % n/a |
| Plants breaking down ammonium chloride | % of ammonium chloride decomposition |
| Rhododendron | % n/a |
| Plants breaking down pentachlorophenol | % of pcp decomposition |
| Philodendron | % n/a |
| Plants breaking down carbon monoxide | % of carbon monoxide decomposition |
| Chlorophytum comosum | 96% |
| Epipremnum aureus | 75% |
| Indoor pollution is not limited to the volatile compounds carbon monoxide, PCP, ammonium chloride , trichloroethylene, formaldehyde and benzene : we give a list of plants found by several studies to be detoxifiers of more compounds >>>>> | |
Experiments report that air in closed rooms is cleaned with one plant for 10 sq. meters. Several species should be mixed to cover the wide range of the pollutants.
![]()
WHO air quality guidelines
http://www.euro.who.int/air/activities/20050223_4 Updated 08 January
2008
Table of contents
Preface (11kb PDF)
Part I. General
1. Introduction (35kb PDF)
2. Criteria used in establishing guideline values (70kb PDF)
3. Summary of the guidelines (39kb PDF)
4. Use of the guidelines in protecting public health (52kb PDF)
Part II. Evaluation of Human Health Risks
5. Organic pollutants
5.1 Acrylonitrile (178kb PDF) *
5.2 Benzene (83kb PDF)
5.3 Butadiene (72kb PDF)
5.4 Carbon disulfide (194kb PDF) *
5.5 Carbon monoxide (204kb PDF)
5.6 1,2-Dichloroethane (176kb PDF) *
5.7 Dichloromethane (184kb PDF)
5.8 Formaldehyde (284kb PDF)
5.9 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (104kb PDF)
5.10 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (262kb PDF)
5.11 Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs)
(331kb PDF)
5.12 Styrene (314kb PDF)
5.13 Tetrachloroethylene (222kb PDF)
5.14 Toluene (91kb PDF)
5.15 Trichloroethylene (219kb PDF)
5.16 Vinyl chloride (181kb PDF) *
6. Inorganic pollutants
6.1 Arsenic (64kb PDF)
6.2 Asbestos (194kb PDF) *
6.3 Cadmium (200kb PDF)
6.4 Chromium (67kb PDF)
6.5 Fluoride (48kb PDF)
6.6 Hydrogen sulfide (148kb PDF) *
6.7 Lead (225kb PDF)
6.8 Manganese(183kb PDF)
6.9 Mercury (219kb PDF)
6.10 Nickel (64kb PDF)
6.11 Platinum (193kb PDF)
6.12 Vanadium (170kb PDF) *
7. Classical pollutants
7.1 Nitrogen dioxide (136kb PDF)
7.2 Ozone and other photochemical oxidants (289kb PDF)
7.3 Particulate matter (353kb PDF)
7.4 Sulfur dioxide (168kb PDF)
8. Indoor air pollutants
8.1 Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (99kb PDF)
8.2 Man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) (229kb PDF)
8.3 Radon (224kb PDF)
Part III. Evaluation of Ecotoxic Effects
9. General approach (28kb PDF)
10. Effects of sulfur dioxide on vegetation - critical levels (243kb
PDF)
11. Effects of nitrogen-containing air pollutants - critical levels
(391kb PDF)
12. Effects of ozone on vegetation - critical levels (314kb PDF)
13. Indirect effects of acidifying compounds on natural systems -
critical loads (196kb PDF)
14. Effects of airborne nitrogen pollutants on vegetation - critical
loads (332kb PDF)
Annex I List of Contributors (183kb PDF)
(*) 1987 evaluation retained, not re-evaluated
writes
in a reference
report of November 2006 : Cleaning up our
chemical homes , changing the market to toxic - free products :
"....
Chemicals out of control.
Hazardous substances that are commonly used as chemical additives in
consumer products can migrate out of the product over time. These same
chemicals are consistently found in breast milk and umbilical cord blood,
which demonstrates their wide, uncontrolled and undesired dispersion.
Greenpeace testing has shown that hazardous, man-made chemicals are also
widespread in house dust, rainwater and the bodies of eels. These substances
can cause a wide range of health effects, including effects on the
reproductive system, immune system and impacts on the nervous system and
behavioural development. Exposure of the unborn child to minute quantities
of hazardous substances can result in permanent irreversible damage... "
..
Since the 80s laboratories in the world prove their toxicity to human health.
Public awareness of the danger is now better than at that time and tropical plants are a cheap and effective solution readily available..
Indoor Plants that break down indoor pollutants and rates of the decomposition over a few days are shown below source : http://fr.ekopedia.org/Plante_antipollution

http://www.air-interieur.org/Observatory.aspx
The purpose of the OQAI (French Indoor Air Quality Observatory), appointed by the public Authorities in the framework of a convention, is to improve knowledge about indoor pollution and its origins and dangers, in order to finalize recommendations in the building field to improve the quality of indoor air. The Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment http://www.cstb.fr/ has supported investigations on Chlorophytum comosum ability to remove toluene from air in a closed environment. More on the findings.
BULTEAU G., 2004, Définition d'une
méthodologie d'évaluation des procédés d'élimination des composés organiques
volatils de l'air intérieur, Thèse de Doctorat en Sciences pourl'ingénieur,
spécialité génie des procédés, soutenue le10/12/04, Université de Nantes,
228 p.
CORNEJO J.J., MUNOZ F.G., MA C.Y. & STEWART A.J.,1999, “Studies on the
decontamination of air by plants”,Ecotoxicology, 8, p.311-320.
DINGLE P., TAPSELL P. & HU S., 2000, “Reducing formalde-
hyde exposure in office environments using plants”, Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,64, p.302-308.
GIESE M., BAUER-DORANTH U., LANGEBARTELSC. & SANDERMANN H. Jr., 1994,
“Detoxification of formaldehyde by the spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum
L.) and by
soybean (Glycine max L.) cell-suspension cultures”, Plant Physiology, 104,
p.1301-1309.
KORTE F., KXESITADZE G., UGREKHELIDZE D., GORDE-
ZIANI M., KHATISSASHVILI G., BUADZE O., ZAALISHVILI G.& COULSTON F., 2000,
“Organictoxicants and plants (review)”,
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,47, p.1-26.
RZEPKA M.A.,CUNY D., BULTEAU G., LAKEL A., CAZIER F., VAN HALUWYN C., 2005,
“Accumulation and effects of formaldehyde in plants perspective for an use
for indoor air
treatment ?”in: Third international conference on plants and nvironmental
pollution; Lucknow, Inde, 28/11/05 - 2/12/05.
SCHMITZ H., HILGERS U. & WEIDNER M., 2000,
“Assimilation and metabolism of formaldehyde by meaves
appear unlikely to be a value for indoor air purification”,
New Phytologist,147 (2), p.307-315.
UGREKHELIDZE D., KORTE F.& KVESITADZE G., 1997,
“Uptake and transformation of benzene and toluene by
plant leaves”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 37,
p.24-29.
WOLVERTON B., C. & WOLVERTON J., 1992, Interior
plants and their role in indoor air quality : an overview,
Wolverton Environmental Services.
WOLVERTON B. C., MCDONALD R. C. & MESICK H. H.,
1985, “Foliage plants for indoor removal of the primary
combustion gases carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide”
Journal of the Mississipi Academy of Sciences, 30, 1-8.